EPRI Grid Forming Inverter benchmark model in PSCAD
The publicly-available EPRI generic GFM, packaged by Manitoba Hydro for PSCAD. Background reading for Case 5 (forthcoming).
Downloads and Links
Reading list and external references.
A curated set of publicly-available papers, technical brochures and reports that sit behind the work on this site. The intent is a useful starting bibliography for engineers and students working on AI-assisted power-systems analysis - not a comprehensive list. Filter by topic to narrow.
Reading list
Useful public references.
A selection of publicly-available technical papers, standards and reports that complement the case studies and blog posts. Click through to the publisher for the canonical version - URLs noted are organisation publication pages where the exact PDF location moves between revisions.
Frequency Risk and Control Report (FRCR)
The canonical UK definition of operational and statutory frequency limits, RoCoF references, and the inertia floor. Sits behind the frequency tracker on this site.
GB Reduced Model (28-zone DIgSILENT release)
The simplified 28-zone GB transmission model used as the basis for the interactive map on this site. Released by NESO for non-commercial research and teaching.
IEEE Std 2800-2022 - Interconnection and Interoperability of IBRs
The current US IEEE standard for IBR interconnection to bulk power systems. Sets the bar for ride-through, frequency support, fault response, and modelling requirements. Increasingly referenced internationally.
Integrated Final Report - SA Black System, 28 September 2016
The landmark public investigation report on the 2016 South Australia black-system event. Compulsory reading on IBR fault-ride-through, FCAS and system strength in low-inertia networks.
NREL inverter research - public reports and papers
NREL's grid-forming and impedance-based stability work. Multiple technical reports and conference papers covering low-strength networks, PLL interactions, and SSO mechanisms. Good background for Case 1 (forthcoming).
PNNL data-centre dynamic load modelling
PNNL's recent work on dynamic modelling of large data-centre loads - one of the fastest-growing categories of system disturbance. Increasingly relevant as data centres approach gigawatt-scale connection requests on the GB and US grids.
CIGRE Technical Brochures on IBR-dominated systems
CIGRE working groups have produced a large body of technical brochures on high-penetration converter systems, control-interaction issues and modelling. Search the CIGRE library for working groups in study committees B4 (HVDC) and C4 (System Technical Performance) on grid-forming, SSO and weak-grid topics.
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External links
Useful references elsewhere on the web.
AI labs & providers
- Anthropic - Claude
- OpenAI - ChatGPT, GPT-4 / o-series
- Google Gemini
- Mistral
- DeepSeek
- Perplexity - search-augmented chat
Local & open AI
- Ollama - run open models locally, single binary
- LM Studio - desktop UI for local models
- Hugging Face - model + dataset hub
- llama.cpp - efficient local inference engine
- Anthropic docs - Claude API reference
- OpenAI docs
Power systems
- NESO - National Energy System Operator (GB)
- NESO Data Portal
- GB Grid Code
- Energy Networks Association
- CIGRE
- IEEE Power & Energy Society
- Ofgem
Engineering software
Code & dev tools
- GitHub - AI topic - curated landing page for AI projects on GitHub
- Model Context Protocol - MCP spec, servers and clients
- Cursor - AI-first code editor
- Claude Code
Open data & test networks
- IEEE PES Test Feeders
- UW Power Systems Test Case Archive - IEEE 14, 30, 39, 118 etc.
- WECC - Western Electricity Coordinating Council
- NERC - North American Electric Reliability Corporation
- ENTSO-E - European TSO body
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From the author
My own published papers.
A small selection of my conference and journal papers. These sit slightly outside the AI-and-power-systems theme of the rest of the site, but are listed here for completeness. (Venue / year metadata to be added.)
Challenges of Fault Current Analysis using IEC 60909 and ENA G74 in Grids Dominated by Converter Fed Generation
Assessing Short Circuit Levels as a Measure of System Strength in Future Grids with Uneven Distribution of Inertia and High Percentages of IBR
Novel Power Park Controller for Hybrid Asymmetrical Storage Plants with Low Frequency Demand Disconnection
Development and Deployment of Generic Models for Grid Code Compliance Studies
Potential Benefits and Challenges of Employing Inertia Distribution Indexing in RMS Simulations
Assessment of Voltage Fluctuations for Battery Storage Systems Providing Frequency Response Services
Voltage Fluctuations of Battery Storage Systems Providing Fast Frequency Response Services in the UK
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